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🏦 JAIIB IE-IFS Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 13 cards
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IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
Which sector suffered the most severe contraction during the COVID-19 pandemic?
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Contact-intensive services, trade, hotels, and transport sectors.
Continuation:
Conversely, Agriculture remained robust and resilient due to exemptions from lockdown restrictions.
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COVID-19 Economic Impact
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 208
WA 208
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
What are the three major economic shocks India faced in the last four decades?
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1991 BoP crisis, 2008 global financial crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic.
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These shocks led to major structural shifts, reforms, and changes in growth trajectories.
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Three Major Economic Shocks
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 172
WA 172
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
How did India mitigate the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis?
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The government provided 3 stimulus packages totaling Rs. 1.86 lakh crore.
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RBI also eased monetary conditions, injecting Rs 5.6 lakh crore into domestic/external liquidity.
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2008 Global Financial Crisis Response
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 125
WA 125
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
What caused the rapid deindustrialisation of India in the 19th century?
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Decline of the Mughal Empire, uncompetitive textiles, and British trade policies.
Continuation:
British-backed commercialization was motivated by self-interest, harming local artisans.
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Deindustrialisation under British Rule
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 117
WA 117
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
How did India's GDP recover in the year 2021-22 after the pandemic?
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The economy rebounded, achieving an estimated growth rate of 8.9%.
Continuation:
This followed a severe contraction of 6.6% in the previous year (2020-21) due to the first wave.
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Post-COVID GDP Recovery
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 114
WA 114
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Real-life link: Think of your bank. Decades ago it financed mostly agriculture; now it heavily funds IT and services. This is 'Structural Change'.
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Understanding Structural Change
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 184
WA 184
IE-IFS Memory Tricks PRO Evolution of Indian Econo…
Exam Trap: During COVID-19 lockdowns, 'Agriculture' was the ONLY resilient sector showing positive growth, while services and industry contracted heavily.
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COVID-19 Sector Anomalies
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 170
WA 170
IE-IFS Memory Tricks PRO Evolution of Indian Econo…
India faced 3 major economic shocks in 4 decades: 1991 BoP crisis, 2008 Global Financial Crisis, and 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
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The 3 Major Economic Shocks
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 145
WA 145
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
What was the primary goal of British railway infrastructure in India?
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To move commodities from hinterlands to ports for export and aid investors.
Continuation:
It inadvertently facilitated commercialisation of agriculture but accelerated deindustrialisation.
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Impact of British Railways
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 58
WA 58
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
What does 'structural change' in an economy refer to?
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Fundamental changes in the critical components of the economy over time.
Continuation:
Example: Transition from an agriculture-dominated economy to a services-led economy.
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Definition of Structural Change
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 56
WA 56
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IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
Which land taxation systems were introduced by the British in India?
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Zamindari, Mahalwari, and Ryotwari systems.
Continuation:
These systems led to extreme exploitation, landless labour, and an increased frequency of famines.
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British Tax Systems in India
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 55
WA 55
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
How did the real estate sector perform post the first COVID-19 wave?
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It was severely impacted initially but showed gradual recovery signs.
Continuation:
The recovery in gross fixed capital formation was expedited by active government investment.
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Post-COVID Real Estate Sector
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 51
WA 51
IE-IFS Capsule Cards FREE Evolution of Indian Econo…
What was the state of the Indian labour market under British rule?
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It remained a low-quality labour market with less than one-sixth literate.
Continuation:
Famines and disease outbreaks further weakened the population's survival and productivity.
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Labour Market during British Rule
Evolution of Indian Economy & Structural Changes 48
WA 48
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